The short answer
This page lets you look up 83 ingredients that published sources place in nail polish, removers, gel and acrylic systems, primers, glues and hardeners. Type the name from the bottle, pick a product type, and open any row to see the hazard wording and the rules that apply to it in the EU, California, IARC and OSHA.1
It covers the nail-product part of two National Library of Medicine tools that are no longer online at their old addresses: the Household Products Database and Tox Town’s hair and nail salon pages.2
Reviewed October 24, 202683 ingredientsEvery fact traced to a source
Nail products are sold as cosmetics, and the FDA says cosmetic ingredients, nail products included, do not need FDA approval before they go on the market, with the exception of most color additives.1 That leaves a gap for anyone trying to answer a simple question: what is this stuff, and does any rule apply to it? The answers sit in separate places, from EU annexes and California’s Proposition 65 list to OSHA’s workplace tables. This page puts them next to each other, for each ingredient, with the source on every line.
Looking for the Household Products Database or Tox Town? In 2019 the National Library of Medicine announced that TOXNET, which included the Household Products Database, would be retired on December 16, 2019, and listed the Consumer Product Information Database as the new location for that data.2 That database is at whatsinproducts.com. It covers household products of every kind. This page covers one slice of that ground, nail products, and adds the regulatory and workplace context. The old Tox Town address (toxtown.nlm.nih.gov) no longer resolves as of October 24, 2026.
Search the ingredients
Every row opens. The collapsed view shows where the ingredient turns up, what it does, the hazard wording and the rules attached to it. Open the row for the full text and the sources.
Showing all 83 ingredients
1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketoneCAS 947-19-3 Gel & acrylic Listed in acrylic gels No hazard statements reported None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… In acrylic gels: Hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, benzophenone (UV-filter), benzoyl isopropanol (polymerisation initiator), calcium …”
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
4-Methoxyphenol (MEHQ)CAS 150-76-5Label name: Hydroxyanisole
Gel & acrylic
Stabilizer in acrylic liquids
- Harmful if swallowed
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
EU: restricted
Where sources place it
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 95): Artificial nail systems; max. 0.02 % (after mixing for use); Professional use. Required warning: For professional use only; Avoid skin contact; Read directions for use carefully.6
Other names in our sources: mequinol, hydroquinone monomethyl ether.
AcetoneCAS 67-64-1
PolishRemoverSalon list
Solvent6 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Removers8,7“… a worker include: Acetone (nail polish remover): headaches; dizziness; and irritated eyes, skin, and throat. Acetonitrile (fingernail …”
Label sample. Listed on 6 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Rules and ratings
- OSHA exposure limit. 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m³) 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: 2-propanone, propanone, methyl ketone.
AcetonitrileCAS 75-05-8
RemoverSalon list
Main component of artificial-nail removers0 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Harmful if swallowed
- Harmful in contact with skin
+2 more in details
EU: prohibitedOSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Removers1,8“… Nail Removers Artificial nail removers consist primarily of acetonitrile. Child-resistant packaging is required for all liquid household glue removers containing …”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA notes that child-resistant packaging is required for liquid household glue removers containing more than 500 milligrams of acetonitrile in one container.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H312 Harmful in contact with skin
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H332 Harmful if inhaled
Rules and ratings
Acetyl tributyl citrateCAS 77-90-7
PolishHardener
Film former; Plasticizer103 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings10,7“… Tributyl Citrate are used in nail products at concentrations up to 7%. Recognizing that there are no reported uses of Acetyl Trihexyl or Trioctyl Citrate, if …”
- Nail hardeners3“… Isopropyl Alcohol, Acetyl Tributyl citrate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Dromethizole, Camphor. Formaldehyde which can act as …”
Label sample. Listed on 103 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed again in 2023: safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the practices of use and concentration described.11
Acrylic acidCAS 79-10-7
Gel & acrylic
Role not stated in our sources
- Flammable liquid and vapor
- Harmful if swallowed
- Harmful in contact with skin
+2 more in details
IARC 3
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 4217-66-7 90 x 2-propenoicacid 79-10-7 91 x Butyl methacrylate 97-88-1 80 x x Table 4.5 Screening of ingredients in selected …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H226 Flammable liquid and vapor
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H312 Harmful in contact with skin
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H332 Harmful if inhaled
Rules and ratings
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Acrylic acid”, Monographs volume 19, Sup 7, 71.12
Other names in our sources: 2-propenoic acid, propenoic acid.
AluminaCAS 1344-28-1
Polish
Opacifier; Viscosity control; Abrasive56 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 56 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Other names in our sources: aluminum oxide.
Aluminum hydroxideCAS 21645-51-2
Polish
Role not stated in our sources13 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 13 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Aluminum powderCAS 7429-90-5
Polish
Colorant56 of 164 labels
- Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
- In contact with water releases flammable gas
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 56 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
- H261 In contact with water releases flammable gas
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 117, CI 77000).6
Other names in our sources: aluminum.
Benzalkonium chlorideCAS 8001-54-5, 63449-41-2
Salon list
Role not stated in our sources
- Harmful if swallowed
- Harmful in contact with skin
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
+1 more in details
EU: limits apply
Where sources place it
- OSHA nail salon chemical list8
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H312 Harmful in contact with skin
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed preservative with a limit (Annex V, no. 54): max. 0.1 % (as benzalkonium chloride).6
BenzophenoneCAS 119-61-9
Gel & acrylic
UV filter in acrylic liquids and gels
- May cause cancer
EU: prohibitedProp 65IARC 2B
Benzophenone-1CAS 131-56-6
PolishRemover
UV absorber80 of 164 labels
- Causes skin irritation
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
Label sample. Listed on 80 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reassessed in 2026 with other benzophenones: safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described.14
Benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone)CAS 131-57-7
PolishGel & acrylic
UV filter; UV absorber5 of 164 labels
- Causes skin irritation
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
EU: limits applyCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… Mequinol 150-76-5 95 x Oxybenzone 131-57-7 94 x 1,1-oxybis-2-propanol 110-98-5 91 x Phenyl- ethylalkohol 60-12-8 97 x 1-propanol, …”
Label sample. Listed on 5 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
Other names in our sources: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone.
Benzoyl peroxideCAS 94-36-0
Gel & acrylic
Polymerization initiator in acrylic powders
- Heating may cause a fire or explosion
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
EU: restrictedIARC 3OSHA limit
Where sources place it
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H241 Heating may cause a fire or explosion
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 94): Artificial nail systems; max. 0.7 % (after mixing for use); Professional use. Required warning: For professional use only; Avoid skin contact; Read directions for use carefully.6
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Benzoyl peroxide”, Monographs volume 36, Sup 7, 71.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 5 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: dibenzoyl peroxide.
Benzyl alcoholCAS 100-51-6
Polish
Solvent; Preservative11 of 164 labels
- Harmful if swallowed
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
EU: restricted
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 11 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 45): For purposes other than inhibiting the development of microorganisms in the product. This purpose has to be apparent from the presentation of the product.; The presence of the substance shall be indicated in the list of ingredients referred to in Article 19(1), point (g), when its concentration exceeds: 0.001 % in leave-on products; 0.01 % in rinse-off products.6
- EU. Allowed preservative with a limit (Annex V, no. 34): max. 1.0 %.6
Other names in our sources: hydroxytoluene.
Bismuth oxychlorideCAS 7787-59-9
Polish
Colorant57 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 57 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 123, CI 77163).6
Other names in our sources: bismuth chloride oxide.
Butyl acetateCAS 123-86-4
PolishRemoverHardenerSalon list
Solvent119 of 164 labels
- Flammable liquid and vapor
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8,7“… and exhaustion. Butyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover): headaches and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) , …”
- Removers8“… and exhaustion. Butyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover): headaches and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) , …”
- Nail hardeners3“… the INCI-declarations: Butyl Acetate, Ethyl acetate, Heptane, Isopropyl Alcohol, Acetyl Tributyl citrate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Dromethizole, …”
Label sample. Listed on 119 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Butylated hydroxytolueneCAS 128-37-0Label name: BHT Gel & acrylic Antioxidant No hazard statements reported EU: restrictedIARC 3CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 4358-59-2 72 – 87 x x Butylated hydroxytoluene 128-37-0 94 x Mequinol 150-76-5 95 x 2-phenoxyethanol 122-99-6 95 x 2-henyl-1,2-propandiol 4217-66-7 …”
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 325): a) Mouthwash; b) Toothpaste; c) Other leave-on and rinse-off products; max. a) 0.001 %; b) 0.1 %; c) 0.8 %.6
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)”, Monographs volume 40, Sup 7.12
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2002: safe as used in cosmetic formulations.15
Butyl methacrylateCAS 97-88-1
Gel & acrylic
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- Flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes skin irritation
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
+2 more in details
IARC 2BCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 79-10-7 91 x Butyl methacrylate 97-88-1 80 x x Table 4.5 Screening of ingredients in selected products for acrylic nails (powders) …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H226 Flammable liquid and vapor
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
CamphorCAS 76-22-2, 464-49-3
PolishHardener
Plasticizer5 of 164 labels
- Flammable solid
- Harmful if inhaled
- May cause damage to organs
EU: restrictedOSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Nail hardeners3“… Hectorite, Dromethizole, Camphor. Formaldehyde which can act as intensifier and/or preservative can be added directly and …”
Label sample. Listed on 5 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H228 Flammable solid
- H332 Harmful if inhaled
- H371 May cause damage to organs
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 331): The presence of the substance shall be indicated in the list of ingredients referred to in Article 19(1), point (g), when its concentration exceeds: 0.001 % in leave-on products; 0.01 % in rinse-off products.6
- OSHA exposure limit. 2 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: bornan-2-one.
Carbon blackCAS 1333-86-4
Polish
Colorant87 of 164 labels
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
EU: listed colorantProp 65IARC 2BOSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 87 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 126, CI 77266).6
- California Prop 65. Listed as a cancer hazard for airborne, unbound particles of respirable size (listed February 21, 2003).13
- IARC. Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Listed as “Carbon black”, Monographs volume Sup 7, 65, 93.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 3.5 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Citric acidCAS 77-92-9
PolishNail glue
pH adjuster; Chelating agent22 of 164 labels
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Nail glue3“… BHA (antioxidant), citric acid (pH-regulator), 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (preservative), hydroquinone (stabilisator), silica …”
Label sample. Listed on 22 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
D&C Red No. 30 (CI 73360)CAS 2379-74-0
Polish
Colorant52 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 52 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 100, CI 73360).6
Other names in our sources: vat red 1, red 30.
D&C Red No. 34 (CI 15880)CAS 6417-83-0
Polish
Colorant94 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 94 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 29, CI 15880).6
Other names in our sources: red 34.
D&C Red No. 6 / No. 7 (CI 15850)CAS 5858-81-1, 5281-04-9
Polish
Colorant73 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 73 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
D&C Violet No. 2 (CI 60725)CAS 81-48-1
Polish
Colorant67 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 67 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 89, CI 60725).6
Other names in our sources: solvent violet 13.
Diacetone alcoholCAS 123-42-2
Polish
Solvent66 of 164 labels
- Causes serious eye irritation
OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Dibutyl phthalateCAS 84-74-2
PolishHardenerSalon list
Plasticizer: reduces cracking by making polish less brittle0 of 164 labels
- May damage the unborn child; suspected of damaging fertility
EU: prohibitedProp 65IARC 2BOSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8,1“… nose, mouth, and throat Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) , (nail polish): nausea and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. Long-term exposures to high …”
- Nail hardeners1“… used most commonly in nail polishes and some other products, such as nail hardeners, while dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are used occasionally.…”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. In FDA's 2010 survey of phthalates in cosmetics, DBP was found in only a few nail polishes.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H360Df May damage the unborn child; suspected of damaging fertility
Rules and ratings
- EU. Prohibited in cosmetic products (Annex II, no. 675).6
- California Prop 65. Listed for developmental, female and male reproductive toxicity as di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) (listed December 2, 2005).13
- IARC. Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Listed as “Dibutyl phthalate”, Monographs volume 142.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 5 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: di-n-butyl phthalate, n-butyl phthalate, butyl phthalate.
Diethyl phthalateCAS 84-66-2
Polish
Film former; Solvent; Plasticizer0 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings1“… nail hardeners, while dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are used occasionally. In FDA’s latest survey of phthalates in cosmetics, conducted in 2010…”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA's 2010 survey found no diethyl phthalate in the nail products it surveyed.1
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Di-HEMA trimethylhexyl dicarbamate (urethane dimethacrylate)No single CAS number Nail products Role not stated in our sources Not classified in the sources we checked EU: restricted
Where sources place it
- Nail products (EU rule applies to nail products generally)6“Annex III, no. 314: restriction written for nail products”
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 314): Nail products; Professional use only. Required warning: For professional use only; Can cause an allergic reaction.6
DimethiconeNo single CAS number
Polish
Role not stated in our sources60 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
None found in these lists
Dimethyl phthalateCAS 131-11-3
Polish
Film former; Solvent; Plasticizer0 of 164 labels
- Heating may cause a fire
- Harmful if swallowed
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
+1 more in details
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings1“… nail hardeners, while dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are used occasionally. In FDA’s latest survey of phthalates in cosmetics, conducted in 2010…”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA's 2010 survey found no dimethyl phthalate in the nail products it surveyed.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H242 Heating may cause a fire
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
Rules and ratings
- OSHA exposure limit. 5 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoateCAS 27138-31-4
Polish
Emollient13 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 13 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
DMDM hydantoinCAS 6440-58-0
Hardener
Preservative0 of 164 labels
- Harmful if swallowed
EU: limits apply
Where sources place it
- Nail hardeners3“… after addition. Formaldehyde liberating substances may be benzyl hemiformal, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM…”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. The Danish EPA lists DMDM hydantoin among the formaldehyde-releasing substances that can be added to nail hardeners.3
Ethyl acetateCAS 141-78-6
PolishRemoverNail glueHardenerSalon list
Solvent122 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8,7“… other serious effects. Ethyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover, fingernail glue): irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth, and throat; high levels can cause…”
- Removers8,7“… other serious effects. Ethyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover, fingernail glue): irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth, and throat; high levels can cause…”
- Nail glue8“… other serious effects. Ethyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover, fingernail glue): irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth, and throat; high levels can cause…”
- Nail hardeners3“… the INCI-declarations: Butyl Acetate, Ethyl acetate, Heptane, Isopropyl Alcohol, Acetyl Tributyl citrate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Dromethizole, …”
Label sample. Listed on 122 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Ethyl cyanoacrylateCAS 7085-85-0
Nail glue
Fastens pre-made nail tips (cyanoacrylate glue)
- Causes skin irritation
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail glue3“… Not indicated 6 Ethyl cyanoacrylate 7085-85-0 7, 8, 19, 24 Polymethyl Methacrylate 9011-14-7 7, 19, 21 Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate 109-17-1 …”
Label sample. Listed on 1 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylateCAS 97-90-5
Gel & acrylic
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- May cause respiratory irritation
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… HEMA-Methacrylate (= Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate esters) 97-90-5 15 HEMA (=2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) 868-77-9 15 Polyethylmethacrylate 9003-42-3 16, 21 …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Other names in our sources: ethylene dimethacrylate, ethyldiol metacrylate.
Ethyl methacrylate (EMA)CAS 97-63-2
Gel & acrylicSalon list
The primary monomer used in nail enhancement products
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes skin irritation
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
+2 more in details
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems8,1“… can cause fainting. Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) , (artificial nail liquid): asthma; irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth; difficulty concentrating. Exposures …”
Worth knowing. CIR (2002): safe as used when application is accompanied by directions to avoid skin contact, because of its sensitizing potential.19
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Amended in 2002: safe as used when application comes with directions to avoid skin contact.19
EtocryleneCAS 5232-99-5
Polish
UV absorber11 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 11 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
FD&C Blue No. 1 (CI 42090)CAS 3844-45-9
Polish
Colorant6 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
EU: listed colorantIARC 3
FD&C Yellow No. 5 (CI 19140)CAS 1934-21-0
Polish
Colorant100 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 100 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 44, CI 19140).6
Other names in our sources: yellow 5.
Ferric ferrocyanideCAS 14038-43-8
Polish
Colorant97 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 97 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
FormaldehydeCAS 50-00-0
PolishHardenerSalon list
Nail hardener: bonds with the keratin in nails to make them harder0 of 164 labels
- Harmful if swallowed
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
+3 more in details
EU: prohibitedProp 65IARC 1OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8,1“… may affect your child. Formaldehyde (nail polish, nail hardener): difficulty breathing, including coughing, asthma-like attacks, and wheezing; allergic …”
- Nail hardeners8,1“… may affect your child. Formaldehyde (nail polish, nail hardener): difficulty breathing, including coughing, asthma-like attacks, and wheezing; allergic …”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA says frequent use of formaldehyde nail hardeners may make nails brittle and more likely to break or peel, and that formaldehyde can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H330 Fatal if inhaled
- H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects
- H350 May cause cancer
Rules and ratings
- EU. Prohibited in cosmetic products (Annex II, no. 1577).6
- California Prop 65. Listed as a cancer hazard as formaldehyde (gas) (listed January 1, 1988).13
- IARC. Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans). Listed as “Formaldehyde”, Monographs volume Sup 7, 62, 88, 100F.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 0.75 ppm 8-hour TWA, 2 ppm 15-minute limit (29 CFR 1910.1048) (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Amended in 2013: formaldehyde and methylene glycol may be used safely in cosmetics if established limits are not exceeded and are safe in nail hardeners with instructions to avoid skin contact. The panel found them unsafe in hair-smoothing products.20
Other names in our sources: formalin, methanal, formic aldehyde, methylene oxide, oxymethylene.
HydroquinoneCAS 123-31-9
Gel & acrylicNail glue
Stabilizer (polymerization inhibitor) in nail glues and UV-curable coatings
- Harmful if swallowed
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye damage
+2 more in details
EU: restrictedIARC 3OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems5,6“… and prevalence of five commonly used compounds in UV-curable nail formulations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), …”
- Nail glue21,3“… ≤1% in hair dyes and is safe for use in nail adhesives. Hydroquinone should not be used in other leave-on cosmetics.”
Label sample. Listed on 1 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects
- H351 Suspected of causing cancer
Rules and ratings
- EU. Prohibited except where Annex III allows it (Annex II, no. 1339).6
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 14): Artificial nail systems; max. 0.02 % (after mixing for use); Professional use only. Required warning: For professional use only; Avoid skin contact; Read directions for use carefully.6
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Hydroquinone”, Monographs volume 15, Sup 7, 71.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 2 mg/m³ 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Amended in 2010: safe at 1% or less in hair dyes and safe for use in nail adhesives.21
Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)CAS 868-77-9
Gel & acrylicNail products
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- Causes skin irritation
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
EU: restrictedCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems5,22,3“… and prevalence of five commonly used compounds in UV-curable nail formulations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), …”
- Nail products (EU rule applies to nail products generally)6“Annex III, no. 313: restriction written for nail products”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 313): Nail products; Professional use only. Required warning: For professional use only; Can cause an allergic reaction.6
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Other names in our sources: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycol monomethacrylate.
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA)CAS 27813-02-1
Gel & acrylic
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 109-16-0 33 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate 27813-02-1 33 Besides the acrylates mentioned in table 3.7, it appears from safety data sheets or …”
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Other names in our sources: propylene glycol monomethacrylate.
Iron oxidesCAS 1309-37-1
Polish
Colorant74 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorantIARC 3
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 74 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
Isopropyl acetateCAS 108-21-4
PolishRemoverSalon list
Solvent0 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8“… can cause cancer. Isopropyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover): sleepiness, and irritated eyes, nose, and throat. Methacrylic acid (nail primer): skin …”
- Removers8“… can cause cancer. Isopropyl acetate (nail polish, nail polish remover): sleepiness, and irritated eyes, nose, and throat. Methacrylic acid (nail primer): skin …”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Rules and ratings
- OSHA exposure limit. 250 ppm (950 mg/m³) 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: 2-propyl acetate.
Isopropyl alcoholCAS 67-63-0
PolishRemoverHardener
Solvent; Antifoaming; Viscosity control118 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
IARC 3OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Removers7
- Nail hardeners3“… Acetate, Ethyl acetate, Heptane, Isopropyl Alcohol, Acetyl Tributyl citrate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Dromethizole, Camphor. Formaldehyde …”
Label sample. Listed on 118 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Rules and ratings
Other names in our sources: isopropanol, 2-propanol, propan-2-ol.
Manganese violetCAS 10101-66-3Label name: CI 77742
Polish
Colorant60 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 60 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Methacrylic acidCAS 79-41-4
PrimerSalon list
Primer: helps acrylic nails adhere to the natural nail
- Harmful if swallowed
- Harmful in contact with skin
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Primers8,1“… eyes, nose, and throat. Methacrylic acid (nail primer): skin burns and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. At higher concentrations, …”
Worth knowing. FDA says the Consumer Product Safety Commission requires child-resistant packaging for nail primers containing methacrylic acid, after cases of poisoning and injury.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H312 Harmful in contact with skin
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005: nail primers containing methacrylic acid could be used safely by trained individuals instructed to avoid any skin contact.23
Methylene glycol (formalin)CAS 463-57-0
PolishHardener
Role not stated in our sources0 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
EU: prohibitedCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings1“… or by different names, such as “formalin” and methylene glycol.” In nail hardeners, formaldehyde bonds with the keratin that occurs naturally in the …”
- Nail hardeners1“… or by different names, such as “formalin” and methylene glycol.” In nail hardeners, formaldehyde bonds with the keratin that occurs naturally in the …”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA lists methylene glycol, with formalin, as another name for formaldehyde on nail product labels.1
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
Other names in our sources: methanediol.
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)CAS 80-62-6
Gel & acrylicSalon list
Role not stated in our sources
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- Causes skin irritation
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
+1 more in details
IARC 3OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems8,1“… difficulty breathing. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) , (artificial nail products, though banned for use in many states): asthma; irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth; …”
Worth knowing. In the early 1970s FDA moved to take products that were 100 percent methyl methacrylate monomer off the market after injury complaints, but it says no regulation specifically prohibits MMA in cosmetics.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
Other names in our sources: methylmethacrylate.
MicaCAS 12001-26-2
Polish
Opacifier12 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 12 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- OSHA exposure limit. OSHA lists a limit for respirable mica dust in Table Z-3 (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
n-Butyl alcoholCAS 71-36-3
Polish
Solvent77 of 164 labels
- Flammable liquid and vapor
- Harmful if swallowed
- Causes skin irritation
+3 more in details
OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings24,7“… aliphatic alcohol historically used as a solvent in nail care cosmetic products, but new concentration of use data indicate that it also is being used at low …”
Label sample. Listed on 77 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H226 Flammable liquid and vapor
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
- H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Rules and ratings
Other names in our sources: 1-butanol.
NitrocelluloseNo single CAS number
PolishHardener
Used almost exclusively in nail product formulations; CIR reports up to 22% in nail polish and enamels118 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings25,7“… Both ingredients are used almost exclusively in nail product formulations. The maximum concentration of use of nitrocellulose in nail polish and enamels is 22%; …”
- Nail hardeners3“… 50-00-0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Nitrocellulose 9004-70-0 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 20 Tosylamide/Formaldehyde resin 25035-71-6 4, 20 Acrylate copolymer …”
Label sample. Listed on 118 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2016 with collodion: safe in the present practices of use and concentration.25
N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidineCAS 99-97-8
Gel & acrylic
Catalyst in acrylic liquids
- Toxic if swallowed
- Harmful if inhaled
- May cause cancer
+1 more in details
EU: prohibitedProp 65IARC 2B
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… dimenthyltolylamine, dimethylparatoluidine (catalysator), MeHQ (stabilisator). In acrylic gels: Hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, benzophenone …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H301 Toxic if swallowed
- H332 Harmful if inhaled
- H350 May cause cancer
- H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Rules and ratings
PanthenolCAS 81-13-0
Polish
Skin conditioning5 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 5 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2022 with pantothenic acid and derivatives: safe in the present practices of use and concentration.26
PhenoxyethanolCAS 122-99-6
PolishGel & acrylic
Preservative32 of 164 labels
- Harmful if swallowed
- Causes serious eye damage
- May cause respiratory irritation
EU: limits apply
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… Mequinol 150-76-5 95 x 2-phenoxyethanol 122-99-6 95 x 2-henyl-1,2-propandiol 4217-66-7 90 x 2-propenoicacid 79-10-7 91 x Butyl methacrylate …”
Label sample. Listed on 32 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed preservative with a limit (Annex V, no. 29): max. 1.0 %.6
Other names in our sources: 2-phenoxyethanol.
Phosphoric acidCAS 7664-38-2
Polish
pH adjuster72 of 164 labels
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Polyethylene terephthalate (glitter)CAS 25038-59-9
Polish
Role not stated in our sources8 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
None found in these lists
Polyethyl methacrylateNo single CAS number Gel & acrylic Role not stated in our sources Not classified in the sources we checked None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 868-77-9 15 Polyethylmethacrylate 9003-42-3 16, 21 Methacrylate copolymer Not indicated 16 Urethane Methacrylate Oligomers Not indicated 17 …”
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Polymethyl methacrylateNo single CAS number
PolishGel & acrylic
Role not stated in our sources2 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
IARC 3CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Gel and acrylic systems1,3“… monomer, with acrylic polymers, such as polymethylmethacrylate. When the reaction is completed, traces of the monomer are likely to remain in the …”
Label sample. Listed on 2 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
Polyvinyl butyralNo single CAS number
PolishHardener
Role not stated in our sources72 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Nail hardeners3“… Not informed 3 Polyvinyl Butyral 63148-65-2 20 Phthalic Anhydride/ Glycerin/ Glycidyl Decanoate copolymer Not indicated 9 …”
Label sample. Listed on 72 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Quaternium-15CAS 4080-31-3
Hardener
Preservative0 of 164 labels
- Toxic if swallowed
- Toxic in contact with skin
- Causes skin irritation
+1 more in details
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail hardeners3“… after addition. Formaldehyde liberating substances may be benzyl hemiformal, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM…”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. The Danish EPA lists quaternium-15 among the formaldehyde-releasing substances that can be added to nail hardeners.3
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H301 Toxic if swallowed
- H311 Toxic in contact with skin
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Amended in 2010: at 0.2% it was not a sensitizer in almost all studies, and products containing up to that level were judged safe.29
SilicaCAS 7631-86-9
PolishGel & acrylic
Anti-caking; Opacifier; Viscosity control92 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
IARC 3CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… initiator). The powders may also contain silica (filler) and titanium dioxide (pigment). In acrylic liquids: Benzophenone (UV-filter), …”
Label sample. Listed on 92 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Silica, amorphous”, Monographs volume Sup 7, 68.12
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Amended in 2025 for synthetic amorphous silica and hydrated silica: safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-irritating.30
Sodium benzoateCAS 532-32-1
Polish
Preservative9 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: limits apply
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 9 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Sucrose acetate isobutyrateCAS 126-13-6
Polish
Plasticizer; Film former54 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 54 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Synthetic fluorphlogopiteCAS 12003-38-2
Polish
Role not stated in our sources15 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 15 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2015: safe in the practices of use and concentration given in the assessment.31
Other names in our sources: fluorphlogopite.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylateCAS 2455-24-5
Gel & acrylic
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- Causes skin irritation
- Causes serious eye irritation
- May cause respiratory irritation
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems22“… form cross-links. Only Tetrahydrofurfuryl Methacrylate was reported to the FDA to be in current use. The polymerization rates of these methacrylate esters are within…”
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Tin oxideCAS 18282-10-5
Polish
Opacifier; Viscosity control22 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 22 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Titanium dioxideCAS 13463-67-7
PolishGel & acrylic
Opacifier; UV absorber; Colorant114 of 164 labels
- Suspected of causing cancer
EU: restrictedProp 65IARC 2BOSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… initiator). The powders may also contain silica (filler) and titanium dioxide (pigment). In acrylic liquids: Benzophenone (UV-filter), dimenthyltolylamine, …”
Label sample. Listed on 114 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H351 Suspected of causing cancer
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 321): (a) face products in loose powder form; (b) hair aerosol spray products; (c) other products; max. (a) 25 %; (b) 1.4 % for general consumers, and 1.1 % for professional use.; (a) (b); Only in the pigmentary form; (c); Not to be used in; applications that may lead to exposure of the end-user’s lungs by inhalation.6
- EU. Allowed UV filter with a limit (Annex VI, no. 27): max. 25 % (4).6
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 143, CI 77891).6
- California Prop 65. Listed as a cancer hazard for airborne, unbound particles of respirable size (listed September 2, 2011).13
- IARC. Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Listed as “Titanium dioxide”, Monographs volume 47, 93.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 15 mg/m³ total dust, 8-hour average (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Tocopheryl acetateCAS 7695-91-2, 58-95-7
Polish
Antioxidant5 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 5 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
TolueneCAS 108-88-3
PolishRemoverNail glueHardenerNail productsSalon list
Solvent0 of 164 labels
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
- Causes skin irritation
+3 more in details
EU: restrictedProp 65IARC 3OSHA limit
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings8“… as the " toxic trio ". Toluene (nail polish, fingernail glue): dry or cracked skin; headaches, dizziness, and numbness; irritated eyes, nose, throat, …”
- Removers1“… and Other Nail Products Toluene is used as a solvent in a variety of nail products, including some nail polishes, nail hardeners, and polish removers; however, its use…”
- Nail glue8“… as the " toxic trio ". Toluene (nail polish, fingernail glue): dry or cracked skin; headaches, dizziness, and numbness; irritated eyes, nose, throat, …”
- Nail hardeners1“… and Other Nail Products Toluene is used as a solvent in a variety of nail products, including some nail polishes, nail hardeners, and polish removers; however, its use…”
- Nail products (EU rule applies to nail products generally)6“Annex III, no. 185: restriction written for nail products”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA says toluene's use in nail products is being phased out. It reports that the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel found toluene safe in nail products at concentrations up to 50 percent in 1987, and that its 2005 re-review found new studies consistent with that assessment.1
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
- H361d Suspected of damaging the unborn child
- H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Rules and ratings
- EU. Restricted (Annex III, no. 185): Nail products; max. 25 %. Required warning: Keep out of reach of children; To be used by adults only.6
- California Prop 65. Listed for developmental toxicity (listed January 1, 1991) and female reproductive toxicity (listed August 7, 2009).13
- IARC. Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans). Listed as “Toluene”, Monographs volume 47, 71.12
- OSHA exposure limit. 200 ppm 8-hour TWA, 300 ppm ceiling (Table Z-2) (workplace air limit, not a consumer limit).9
Other names in our sources: methylbenzene.
Tosylamide/formaldehyde resinNo single CAS number
PolishHardener
Makes the coating tough and resilient, helps polish adhere, adds gloss and helps it flow0 of 164 labels
Not classified in the sources we checked
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings1“… resin (TSFR) is used in some nail polishes to make the coating tough and resilient. TSFR also helps the polish adhere to the nail, …”
- Nail hardeners3“… 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 20 Tosylamide/Formaldehyde resin 25035-71-6 4, 20 Acrylate copolymer 25035-69-2 3, 4, 9 Tosylamide/epoxy resin Not …”
Label sample. Not listed on any of the 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Worth knowing. FDA says some people may become allergic to TSFR, and that it is a formaldehyde-related ingredient to look for if you want to avoid formaldehyde.1
Hazard wording
No GHS classification was found for this entry in PubChem.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
TPO (trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide)CAS 75980-60-8
Gel & acrylic
Photoinitiator in gel nail products: starts the curing reaction under UV and LED light
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- May damage fertility; suspected of damaging the unborn child
EU: prohibited
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems5“… and prevalence of five commonly used compounds in UV-curable nail formulations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), …”
Worth knowing. A 2026 peer-reviewed paper from a nail-systems company states that TPO has been prohibited in cosmetic products in the EU since September 1, 2025, after being classified as a Category 1B carcinogen under the CLP Regulation.5
Triethyl citrateCAS 77-93-0
Polish
Plasticizer; Solvent; Antioxidant7 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 7 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylateCAS 109-16-0
Gel & acrylic
Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… 2370-63-0 33 Triethyleneglycol Dimethacrylate 109-16-0 33 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate 27813-02-1 33 Besides the acrylates mentioned in table 3.7, …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Other names in our sources: tegdma, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.
Trimethylolpropane triacrylateCAS 15625-89-5
Gel & acrylic
Role not stated in our sources
- Causes skin irritation
- May cause an allergic skin reaction
- Causes serious eye irritation
+1 more in details
EU: prohibitedProp 65IARC 2B
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems5“… and prevalence of five commonly used compounds in UV-curable nail formulations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), …”
Hazard wording
EU harmonized classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI)4
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H351 Suspected of causing cancer
Rules and ratings
- EU. Prohibited in cosmetic products (Annex II, no. 1718).6
- California Prop 65. Listed as a cancer hazard for technical-grade trimethylolpropane triacrylate (listed December 17, 2021).13
- IARC. Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Listed as “Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, technical grade”, Monographs volume 122.12
Other names in our sources: tmpta.
Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylateCAS 3290-92-4 Gel & acrylic Methacrylate monomer: speeds up polymerization and/or forms cross-links in artificial-nail products No hazard statements reported CIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Gel and acrylic systems3“… Not indicated 26 Trimethylopropane Trimethacrylate Not indicated 32, 33 2-EthoxyethylMethacrylate 2370-63-0 33 Triethyleneglycol Dimethacrylate 109-16-0 33 …”
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Reviewed in 2005 and again in 2023 with 21 other methacrylate monomers: safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided.16
Trimethylpentanediyl dibenzoateCAS 68052-23-3
Polish
Role not stated in our sources74 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
None found in these lists
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 74 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- No entry on the EU annexes, Prop 65, IARC, OSHA or CIR lists we checked.
Triphenyl phosphateCAS 115-86-6
Polish
Plasticizer in manicuring products3 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
OSHA limitCIR reviewed
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings33,7“… to function as a plasticizer in manicuring products. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of this ingredient. The …”
Label sample. Listed on 3 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
UltramarinesCAS 57455-37-5
Polish
Colorant67 of 164 labels
No hazard statements reported
EU: listed colorant
Where sources place it
- Nail polish and coatings7
Label sample. Listed on 67 of 164 nail-product labels in the Open Beauty Facts sample7.
Hazard wording
Industry notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory (statements reported by at least half of notifiers; not an official classification)4
No hazard statements reported.
Rules and ratings
- EU. Allowed colorant (Annex IV, no. 120, CI 77007).6
Other names in our sources: ultramarine blue, lazurite, ultramarine.
Nothing matches. Try the common name, the name on the bottle, or the first few letters. If an ingredient is not here, no source we checked ties it to nail products.
Read this before you act on a badge. A hazard statement or a listing describes what a chemical can do or how a regulator treats it. It does not tell you how much of it is in your bottle or how much you breathe or touch. The FDA makes the same point: many nail products contain potentially harmful ingredients but are allowed because they are safe when used as directed, and some ingredients that are harmful if swallowed are not a problem on the nail, which acts as a barrier.1
Nail salon chemicals
OSHA lists a short set of chemicals that can affect nail salon workers and says which products they come from.8 This is the closest current match to the salon view Tox Town used to give. The wording below is OSHA’s own. Click a chemical to jump to its row in the lookup.
| Chemical | Products (per OSHA) | How it can affect a worker (per OSHA) |
|---|---|---|
| Acetone | Nail polish remover | Headaches; dizziness; and irritated eyes, skin, and throat. |
| Acetonitrile | Fingernail glue remover | Irritated nose and throat; breathing problems; nausea; vomiting; weakness; and exhaustion. |
| Butyl acetate | Nail polish, nail polish remover | Headaches and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat |
| Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) | Nail polish | Nausea and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. Long-term exposures to high concentrations may cause other serious effects. |
| Ethyl acetate | Nail polish, nail polish remover, fingernail glue | Irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth, and throat; high levels can cause fainting. |
| Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) | Artificial nail liquid | Asthma; irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth; difficulty concentrating. Exposures while pregnant may affect your child. |
| Formaldehyde | Nail polish, nail hardener | Difficulty breathing, including coughing, asthma-like attacks, and wheezing; allergic reactions; irritated eyes, skin, and throat. Formaldehyde can cause cancer. |
| Isopropyl acetate | Nail polish, nail polish remover | Sleepiness, and irritated eyes, nose, and throat. |
| Methacrylic acid | Nail primer | Skin burns and irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. At higher concentrations, this chemical can cause difficulty breathing. |
| Methyl methacrylate (MMA) | Artificial nail products, though banned for use in many states | Asthma; irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth; difficulty concentrating; loss of smell. |
| Quaternary ammonium compounds | Disinfectants | Irritated skin and nose and may cause asthma. |
| Toluene | Nail polish, fingernail glue | Dry or cracked skin; headaches, dizziness, and numbness; irritated eyes, nose, throat, and lungs; damage to liver and kidneys; and harm to unborn children during pregnancy. |
OSHA adds that the manufacturer’s safety data sheet is where to find more specific information about the chemicals in your own workplace.8 For ventilation, gloves and masks, see our nail salon safety guide. For the three chemicals the industry calls the toxic trio, see The Toxic Trio in Nail Polish.
How to read a nail product label
- Start with the order. Cosmetics sold at retail must list their ingredients in descending order of predominance, so what comes first is there the most.1
- Know when a list may be missing. The ingredient declaration is not required for products used only at salons. A product also sold at retail must have one, even if it says “for professional use only.”1
- Expect more than one name for the same chemical. FDA notes that formaldehyde can appear on a label as formaldehyde, formalin or methylene glycol. Toluene sulfonamide/formaldehyde resin (TSFR) is a related ingredient to look for too.1 The search box above matches these names, INCI names and CAS numbers.
- Read CI numbers as colorants. A code such as CI 77891 is a Colour Index number. In the EU’s colorant list, CI 77891 is titanium dioxide and CI 77266 is carbon black.6 Many polish labels end with a “may contain” list of these codes.
- Treat “free-from” claims as the brand’s own. A “3-free” or “10-free” label is not a standard. Our toxic trio guide explains what the numbers do and do not promise.
Where the data comes from
Every fact on this page was checked against a fetched copy of its source on October 24, 2026. If we could not verify a line, we left it out. The sources are listed at the bottom of the page.
- Identity and hazard wording. Each ingredient was matched to a PubChem record by CAS number, and the CAS number was confirmed in the record’s synonym list. Hazard statements come from the EU harmonized classification when one exists. Otherwise we show only statements reported by at least half of the industry notifications to the ECHA inventory, labeled as such.4 We left out aquatic hazards.
- EU rules. Annexes II to VI of the Cosmetics Regulation, read from the consolidated text of May 1, 2026.6 Annex II prohibits, Annex III restricts, Annex IV lists colorants, Annexes V and VI list preservatives and UV filters with limits.
- California Prop 65. OEHHA’s published list dated July 31, 2026.13
- IARC. The agent’s group in the IARC Monographs list of classifications.12 Group 1 is carcinogenic to humans, 2A probably carcinogenic, 2B possibly carcinogenic, and 3 not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.34
- OSHA limits. Federal permissible exposure limits for workplace air, from OSHA’s annotated tables.9
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. We cite CIR conclusions only where the published abstract of a CIR safety assessment names the ingredient and states the conclusion. CIR is an industry-funded expert panel; the FDA takes part in a non-voting role.1
- Where an ingredient is found. An ingredient appears here only if a source ties it to nail products: OSHA’s salon chemical list, the FDA nail page, a 2008 Danish EPA survey of artificial nail and nail hardener products,3 a 2026 paper on UV-curable nail coatings,5 an EU rule written for nail products, a CIR report that names nails, or its presence on at least two labels in our label sample.
- Label sample. We read the ingredient lists of 164 nail-product labels contributed to Open Beauty Facts, a crowdsourced database released under the Open Database License.7 It skews toward polish and toward products that someone chose to scan, so read it as a sample, not as market share. It shows what modern bottles list, not what all products contain.
What this page leaves out
Ingredients that no source we checked ties to nail products are not listed, even when they are common in cosmetics. Cuticle removers and oils are thin here because none of our sources lists their formulas. Several newer gel photoinitiators and many polymer binders have no public hazard classification, so they are absent or show no hazard wording. Absence from this page is not a sign that an ingredient is safe or unregulated.
Questions people ask
Sources
- FDA, Nail Care Products
- National Library of Medicine, NLM Technical Bulletin: TOXNET Update, New Locations for TOXNET Content (2019)
- Danish EPA, Survey and safety assessment of chemical substances in artificial nails and nail hardeners (2008)
- PubChem, National Library of Medicine (identity and GHS classification data)
- Grigale-Sorocina et al., Materials Science 32(3), 2026: key substances in UV-curable nail coatings
- Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009, consolidated 1 May 2026
- Open Beauty Facts nail-product labels
- OSHA, Health Hazards in Nail Salons: Chemical Hazards
- OSHA, Annotated PEL Tables (Table Z-1 and Table Z-2)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report on the safety assessment of acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl trihexyl citrate, and acetyl trioctyl citrate (International journal of toxicology, 2002)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Acetyl Trialkyl Citrates (International journal of toxicology, 2023)
- IARC Monographs, List of Classifications
- California OEHHA, Proposition 65 List of Chemicals (July 31, 2026)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Benzophenones as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2026)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report on the safety assessment of BHT(1) (International journal of toxicology, 2002)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Methacrylate Ester Monomers (International journal of toxicology, 2023)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Citric Acid, Inorganic Citrate Salts, and Alkyl Citrate Esters as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2014)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Diacetone Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2025)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Amended final report on the safety assessment of ethyl methacrylate (International journal of toxicology, 2002)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Amended safety assessment of formaldehyde and methylene glycol as used in cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2013)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final amended safety assessment of hydroquinone as used in cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2010)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report of the safety assessment of methacrylate ester monomers used in nail enhancement products (International journal of toxicology, 2005)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report of the safety assessment of methacrylic acid (International journal of toxicology, 2005)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report of the addendum to the safety assessment of n-butyl alcohol as used in cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2008)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Nitrocellulose and Collodion as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2016)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2022)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Phosphoric Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2021)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel safety assessment of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), methyl methacrylate crosspolymer, and methyl methacrylate/glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer (International journal of toxicology, 2011)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final report of the amended safety assessment of Quaternium-15 as used in cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2010)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Amended Safety Assessment of Synthetically Manufactured Amorphous Silica and Hydrated Silica as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2025)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Synthetic Fluorphlogopite as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2015)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety assessment of Tin(IV) oxide as used in cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2014)
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Triphenyl Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics (International journal of toxicology, 2025)
- IARC Monographs, Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs
This page is general information, not medical, legal or regulatory advice. For a health concern, talk to a doctor. For the rules that apply to your salon, check with your state board and OSHA.